- The Restoration age
- The Neo-classical age
- The Victorian era
- The Puritan ara
- The Elizabethan period is the golden period of enEngli history. This era known as an age of Adventure, so the dreams and deeds increase side by side and dreams in ever greater than the deed. That is the meaning of Elizabethan literature. But in Restoration period that all imagination com plete break, the Restoration people believed in present, the real and the material.
- The literature of the Restoration period marked the complete, breaking of ties with the Renaissance literature. It reflected the spirit of the age.
- The Restoration of the English named by took place in 1660 when king Charles-2 returned to England,it is quite different and contrast to the puritan age.
- The Renaissance gave wings to human power but the Restoration brought awareness of human experience. We can put Renaissance on one side and the Restoration on the other . This age changed puritan attitude. This world was given importance, so cheerfulness sports, music and dance came as a part of life.
- The Renaissance writer not write realistic way of life but the Restoration literature is realistic. It was very much concerned with life in London,and with details of dress, fashions and manners.
- Elizabethan poetry is influenced by drama,poetry found new field of expressing the emotions. In the poetry of the Restoration period is formal, intellectual and realistic. In it form is more important than the subject matter.S.A.Brooke writes:
- Comparison between the Neo classical age and Renaissance age:
- This age known as many name like Elizabethan age ,that name is The classic age, The Augusten age, The age of Queen Ann, The age of Reason .
- In Elizabethan age we find that the social reformation, like that here also Frist half of eighteenth century people fight for freedom and new social development, people who truly interested in learning art.
- Like mostly Elizabethan era people free for everything, people do whatever they want to do but that all the things not get esialy,they suffer a lot for your freedom.
- When we compare Elizabeth and queen Ann ,then we find that queen Ann was very rude,"she don't care about people". Elizabeth was not like her.
- In Elizabethan period's writer don't followed any tradition and rules of writing,they not written in perfect form. But this is the classic age so the writer followed the rules and write like ancient one.
- This age known as the age of Reason or The age of Good sense,it is because in this age it was assumed that in reasoning power all men are and have always been equal. Every man becames his own philosopher.
- Many author published great work during this period, like Alexander pope, Jonathan swift and Addison's work, and the famous novelist like Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding.
Comparison between the Victorian age and Elizabethan age:
- Victorian literature is the literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901)A.D. During this time England was undergoing a tremendous cultural upheaval; the accepted forms of literature , art and music had undergone a radical change.
- In Elizabethan age we find that Romantic event But in Victorian age that is going to Realism,one experience the feeling of a return from solitude to society, from nature to industry, from concepts to issue, from spiritualism to pragmatism, from optimism to agnosticism, from lyricism to criticism and from organisation to compromise.
- Like Elizabethan era here's Also we find that reformation in the early Victorian period the reform of first railway and it's first reform parliament,but it was also time of economic distress.
- In Elizabethan era ,no woman who write literature and also not have any power.By the end of the Victoria's reign, woman could take degrees at twelve universities.
- The puritan age in which the puritan movement is the second Renaissance. The puritan standard s prevailed in England and also because the greatest literary figure john Milton (1608-1674) was puritan.
- In puritan age we find that struggles between church and parliament.
- In Elizabethan age writer who write about love and romance,But in puritan age no place for feeling of love and romance.
- puritan movement is known for intellectual awakening of Europe and also reformation not only moral but political.
- When we compare Elizabethan writer or puritan writer,they totally opposite to one another. Like Shakespeare and Milton.
- So Shakespeare written about love and romance and Milton who write his own supremcy. His two great work is paradise lost and paradise reign.
Brief note about English author:
James Hughes was an english poet and children's writer. Critics frequently rank him as one of the best poet of his generation,and one of the twentieth century's great writer. He became poet laureate in the year from 1986 until his death. In 2008 The times ranked Hughes forth on thier list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945."
- Born: 17 August 1930
- Place:Mytholmroyd, England
- Died: 28 October 1998
- Place: London, England
Hughes life and career:
He was famous writer of his time. His mother could trace her ancestry back to William de Ferrieres, who came to England with William the conqueror in the 11th century.
His father, William, a joiner,was of Irish descent and had enlisted with the lancasLanc FuailiFus and fought at Ypres.
Hughes loved hunting and fishing, swimming and picnicking with his family. He attended the Burnley Road school until he was seven. During his the time in Mexborough, he said he would come to know " better than any place on earth."
His earliest story "The Rain Horse" were recollections of the area and the earliest poem " The Thought Fox" In 1946, one of Hughes poem "Wild West" and short story were published in grammar school magazine, The Don and Dearne followed by further poems in 1948.
During the same year Hughes won an open exahiexhib in English at Pembroke college, Cambridge but chose to do his national service first.
His famous work:
- The Hawk in the Rain (1957) attracted considerable critical acclaim.
- Crow (1970)
- Prose poem " Gaudete"
He was died in 1998, because of the Myocardial infarction ( heart attach).
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